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Historical and Social Sciences Analysis Skills
The intellectual skills noted below are to be learned through,
and applied to, the content standards for grades nine through
twelve. They are to be assessed only in conjunction with the
content standards in grades nine through twelve.
In addition to the standards for grades nine through twelve,
students demonstrate the following intellectual, reasoning, reflection,
and research skills.
Chronological and Spatial Thinking
- Students compare the present with the past, evaluating the
consequences of past events and decisions and determining the
lessons that were learned.
- Students analyze how change happens at different rates at
different times; understand that some aspects can change while
others remain the same; and understand that change is complicated
and affects not only technology and politics but also values
and beliefs.
- Students use a variety of maps and documents to interpret
human movement, including major patterns of domestic and international
migration, changing environmental preferences and settlement
patterns, the frictions that develop between population groups,
and the diffusion of ideas, technological innovations, and goods.
- Students relate current events to the physical and human
characteristics of places and regions.
Historical Research, Evidence, and Point of View
- Students distinguish valid arguments from fallacious arguments
in historical interpretations.
- Students identify bias and prejudice in historical interpretations.
- Students evaluate major debates among historians concerning
alternative interpretations of the past, including an analysis
of authors' use of evidence and the distinctions between sound
generalizations and misleading oversimplifications.
- Students construct and test hypotheses; collect, evaluate,
and employ information from multiple primary and secondary sources;
and apply it in oral and written presentations.
Historical Interpretation
- Students show the connections, causal and otherwise, between
particular historical events and larger social, economic, and
political trends and developments.
- Students recognize the complexity of historical causes and
effects, including the limitations on determining cause and
effect.
- Students interpret past events and issues within the context
in which an event unfolded rather than solely in terms of present-day
norms and values.
- Students understand the meaning, implication, and impact
of historical events and recognize that events could have taken
other directions.
- Students analyze human modifications of landscapes and examine
the resulting environmental policy issues.
- Students conduct cost-benefit analyses and apply basic economic
indicators to analyze the aggregate economic behavior of the
U.S. economy.
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