Laser Safety
Highlight protocols for utilizing lasers safely in physical science activities. Explore crucial controls for beam paths, power classifications, ANSI educational guidelines, and eye protection requirements to minimize risks.Lasers may be used in science instruction to demonstrate concepts such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and properties of light. However, laser use presents potential hazards, particularly to the eyes and skin, and must be carefully controlled. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes laser hazard classes I through IV; as laser class increases, so does the potential for injury if the laser is used improperly. FDA labeling requirements for Classes II through IV include a warning symbol identifying the laser class and output power.
Laser activities should be preceded by a hazard analysis and risk assessment and should be conducted only under direct adult supervision. Class I lasers are generally considered non-hazardous under normal operating conditions; lasers in higher hazard classes require additional controls and may not be appropriate for routine kindergarten through grade twelve classroom use. Occupational Safety and Health Administration identifies the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z136
series, including ANSI Z136.5 for educational institutions, as national consensus guidance for laser safety.
Laser beams should be controlled at all times. Lasers should never be pointed at people, animals, vehicles, reflective surfaces, or unintended areas. The beam path should be kept below or above eye level, terminated with a nonreflective beam stop when appropriate, and arranged to prevent direct viewing or hazardous reflections. Shiny jewelry, mirrors, glass, polished metal, and other reflective materials should be removed or controlled before laser use.
All lasers used in instruction should be clearly labeled with their hazard class and safety warnings and should be used only for approved educational purposes. Appropriate protective measures may include restricted access, beam stops, shielding, signage, teacher-controlled operation, and wavelength-appropriate laser eyewear when required by the hazard assessment. Protective eyewear is not a substitute for controlling the beam path, and no person should intentionally look into a direct or reflected laser beam.